Which virus is responsible for smallpox?

The virus responsible for smallpox is Variola virus. This virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus and is specifically known for causing the disease smallpox, characterized by fever and a distinctive skin rash that develops into pustules. Variola virus is highly contagious and was historically devastating until its eradication through vaccination efforts in the late 20th century.

The significance of the Variola virus lies in its unique properties that allowed it to spread rapidly among populations, which is why vaccination became critical in controlling outbreaks. Following a successful global vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization, smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980, marking a significant milestone in public health.

Understanding the specific viruses that cause diseases like smallpox is important for preventing outbreaks and developing effective vaccination strategies. The other options—Influenzavirus, Hepatitis virus, and Ebola virus—are associated with different diseases and do not cause smallpox, highlighting the distinct characteristics that differentiate various viral infections.