Which virus is responsible for smallpox?

The virus responsible for smallpox is the Variola virus. This virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus and is characterized by its significance in human disease, particularly leading to the highly contagious and deadly smallpox. Variola is unique among viruses because of its genetic makeup, structured as a large, double-stranded DNA virus, which allows it to replicate and spread effectively in human hosts.

Smallpox was a major global health concern until its eradication in 1980, thanks to comprehensive vaccination efforts. The Variola virus is specifically adapted to infect humans, which is why smallpox did not infect animals and had a human-only host system.

Understanding the characteristics of the virus is crucial for those studying microbiology, particularly in the context of epidemiology and vaccine development, as it highlights the importance of targeted interventions in containing viral outbreaks.