Which bacterium is the primary cause of diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the primary bacterium responsible for diphtheria, a serious bacterial infection that primarily affects the throat and respiratory system. This pathogen is known for its ability to produce a potent exotoxin, which can lead to severe complications such as inflammation of the throat, the formation of a pseudomembrane, and potential damage to the heart and nerves if left untreated. The identification of this bacterium as the cause of diphtheria is critical for understanding how to diagnose and manage the disease effectively.

In contrast, Streptococcus pneumoniae is primarily associated with pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media, but does not cause diphtheria. Escherichia coli is typically linked to gastrointestinal infections and urinary tract infections, again unrelated to diphtheria. Bacillus anthracis is known for causing anthrax, a distinct disease with its own specific causative agent. Understanding the specific pathogens responsible for various diseases helps medical professionals provide targeted treatments and preventative measures, such as vaccinations, to combat infections like diphtheria.