What role do fungi play in decomposition?

Fungi play a crucial role in decomposition by breaking down complex organic materials. They possess the unique ability to decompose tough substances like cellulose, lignin, and other organic compounds that are difficult for many other organisms to process. Through their enzymatic activity, fungi break down these materials into simpler compounds, which are then utilized by other organisms in the ecosystem. This process is essential for nutrient cycling and maintaining soil health, as it contributes to the formation of humus and enriches the soil with nutrients that support plant growth. Additionally, fungi help in the recycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other vital nutrients, making them integral to the ecosystem's overall functioning.