What is the term for the inborn capacity to resist disease?

Natural immunity refers to the innate, genetically determined ability of an organism to resist pathogens and disease without the need for prior exposure. This type of immunity is present at birth and includes various physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune system components that provide immediate defense against a wide range of infections.

In contrast, adaptive immunity develops as a response to exposure to specific pathogens or antigens and involves a memory component that provides long-lasting protection. Acquired immunity is developed through experience, such as immunization or previous infections. Artificial immunity involves immunity gained through medical interventions, such as vaccinations or the administration of antibodies, which are not naturally occurring.

Understanding natural immunity is crucial in the field of microbiology, especially in the context of how the body naturally defends itself against infections and the role of the immune system in overall health.