What is the main function of antibodies in the immune system?

Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system primarily by identifying and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. They achieve this by binding specifically to antigens, which are molecules found on the surface of pathogens. Once bound, antibodies can directly neutralize the pathogen's activity, block its ability to infect cells, or mark it for destruction by other immune cells, such as phagocytes. This targeted action helps to eliminate the pathogens from the body and is a fundamental aspect of the immune response.

While other functions of the immune system, such as facilitating inflammation or neutralizing toxins, are important, the central role of antibodies is to specifically target and destroy harmful microorganisms, making them vital for protection against infection. Preventing infection is a broader goal of the immune system as a whole, but the specific function of antibodies is to actively destroy or neutralize pathogens once they enter the body.