What are the specific conditions of autoclave pressure, temperature, and time for sterilization?

The correct combination of autoclave conditions for effective sterilization involves maintaining a pressure of 15 pounds per square inch (psi), a temperature of 121.5 degrees Celsius, and a duration of 15 minutes. This specific set of parameters is established based on scientific understanding of how steam under pressure destroys microbial life, including spores, which are notoriously resistant to sterilization.

At 15 psi, water boils at 121.5 degrees Celsius, which is high enough to achieve the necessary lethal temperatures for sterilizing most instruments, media, and equipment used in microbiology and mortuary science. The duration of 15 minutes at this temperature and pressure ensures that the steam penetrates all surfaces effectively, eliminating any viable microorganisms.

These conditions are widely accepted and used in medical and laboratory settings, aligning with guidelines from organizations such as the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This makes it a standard reference point in sterilization practices, particularly when dealing with sensitive materials that require complete sterilization to prevent any risk of infection or contamination.